tugas biologi

A. Pilihlah salah satu jawaban yang paling tepat!

1. Kekurangan protein pada makanan menyebabkan busung lapar. Protein selain merupakan penyusunenzim,jugaberfungsidalam ….
a. menyusun penimbun lemak
b.merusak zat yang bersifat racun
c. memelihara keseimbangan tekanan osmosis darah
d. menjaga keseimbangan energi
e. memelihara ketegangan suatu sel
2. Zat makanan yang menghasilkan energi tertinggi untuk satuan berat yang sama adalah ….
a. protein
b. vitamin
c. lemak
d. karbohidrat
e. serat kasar
3. Berikut adalah vitamin yang dapat larut di dalam lemak, kecuali ….
a. vitamin C
b. vitamin A
c. vitamin D
d. vitamin K
e. vitamin E
4. Pada orang dewasa, jumlah giginya mencapai ….
a. 24
b. 32
c. 34
d. 22
e. 30
5. Jonjot usus halus berfungsi memperluas bidang penyerapan sari makanan. Berikut yang diserap oleh jonjot usus halus antara lain ….
a. protein dan lemak
b. glukosa dan asam amino
c. zat pati dan vitamin
d. asam amino dan lemak
e. sukrosa dan fruktosa
6. Enzim yang dapat mengemulsikan lemak menjadi asam lemak dan gliserol adalah ….
a. erepsin
b. renin
c. lipase
d. katalase
e. ptialin
7. Pencernaan mekanik yang terjadi di rongga mulut
dibantu oleh pencernaan enzimatik menggunakan
….
a. enzim renin
b. enzim lipase
c. enzim katalase
d. enzim ptialin
e. enzim tripsin
8. Di antara karakteristik berikut yang bukan merupakan karakteristik cairan empedu adalah ….
a. diproduksi oleh kandung kemih
b. campuran dari garam-garam khusus, air dan kolesterol
c. berperan sebagai agen pengemulsi
d. membantu pencernaan lemak oleh lipase
e. bekerja dalam usus halus
9. Perhatikan gambar susunan gigi orang dewasa berikut.7. Pencernaan mekanik yang terjadi di rongga mulut dibantu oleh pencernaan enzimatik menggunakan
….
a. enzim renin
b. enzim lipase
c. enzim katalase
d. enzim ptialin
e. enzim tripsin
8. Di antara karakteristik berikut yang bukan merupakan karakteristik cairan empedu adalah ….
a. diproduksi oleh kandung kemih
b. campuran dari garam-garam khusus, air dan kolesterol
c. berperan sebagai agen pengemulsi
d. membantu pencernaan lemak oleh lipase
e. bekerja dalam usus halus
9. Perhatikan gambar susunan gigi orang dewasa berikut.

Bagian yang berfungsi memotong makanan ditunjukkan oleh nomor ….
a. 1
b 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 3 dan 4
10. Susunan gigi yang tidak terdapat pada anak-anak adalah ….
a. insisivus
b. molar
c. caninus
d. premolar
e. gigi susu

Untuk menjawab soal nomor 11 hingga nomor 15, perhatikan gambar berikut.

11. Organ yang berfungsi mensekresikan HCl, enzim pencernaan, dan lendir, ditunjukkan oleh nomor ….
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
12. Penyerapan zat-zat makanan dimulai dari organ nomor ….
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
e. 7
13. Usus buntu ditunjukkan oleh nomor ….
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
e. 8
14. Organ yang berfungsi menghasilkan enzim lipase ditunjukkan oleh nomor ….
a. 3 dan 5
b. 3 dan 7
c. 5 dan 8
d. 5 dan 9
e. 2 dan 3
15. Tempat penyerapan kembali air terjadi pada organ nomor ….
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
e. 9
16. Campuran makanan yang bersifat asam di dalam lambung disebut ….
a. kolesitokinin
b. cairan empedu
c. cairan limfa
d. bubur kim
e. sekretin
17. Naiknya kandungan glukosa di dalam darah, menunjukkan bahwa makanan telah mencapai ….
a. mulut
b. faring
c. lambung
d. usus halus
e. usus besar
18. Manusia tidak memiliki enzim yang dapat menguraikan kitin, polisakarida kompleks yang membentuk eksoskeleton pada udang dan kepiting. Manusia juga tidak memiliki enzim yang dapat mencerna ….
a. peptida
b. tepung
c. selulosa
d. sukrosa
e. lemak
19. Perbedaan utama antara sistem pencernaan pada hewan pemamah biak dengan manusia, terletak pada susunan dan fungsi dari ….
a. usus dan anus
b. gigi dan kerongkongan
c. usus halus dan usus besar
d. lidah dan mulut
e. gigi dan usus
20. Ciri utama hewan pemamah biak adalah ….
a. tidak memiliki taring
b. memakan rumput dan dedaunan
c. berkaki empat
d. betina mampu menghasilkan susu
e. gigi geraham berkembang dengan baik

B. Jawablah pertanyaan berikut dengan benar!

1. Makanan apa saja yang kaya akan protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat?
2. Kelainan dan gangguan apa saja yang dapat menyerang sistem pencernaan?
3. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud pemamah biak.
4. Bagaimana makanan berserat dapat melancarkan proses buang air besar? Dari mana kita mendapatkan makanan berserat?
5. Mengapa kita harus memakan makanan yang beraneka ragam? Jelaskan.

A.Pilihan ganda
1.c
3.a
5.e
7.d
9.a
11.c
13.d
15.a
17.d
19.b
B.Esai
1.•Makanan kaya protein: daging sapi, daging ayam, telur, susu, kacang kedelai, dan kacang-kacangan.
•Makanan kaya lemak: daging, minyak, mentega, dan keju.
•Makanan kaya karbohidrat: nasi, jagung, serealia, dan roti.
3.Memamah biak merupakan cara mencerna makanan yang dapat mengembalikan makanan yang telah masuk rumen, kembali ke rongga mulut. Hal ini untuk mengunyah makanan itu kembali.
5.Makanan yang beranekaragam dapat memberikan berbagai zat yang diperlukan tubuh sehingga kekurangan vitamin atau mineral lain dapat dihindari

Narrative text

Narrative 

Definition of Narrative :

 Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or pastevents and entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Narrative Text  :

 
Orientation : it means to introduce the participants or the characters of the story with the time and place set.

Complication: it is such the crisis of the story. If there is not the crisis, the story is not a narrative text

Resolution: it is the final series of the events which happen in the story. The resolution can be good or bad. The point is that it has been accomplished by the characters

Language features narrative text :

• Action verbs: Action verbs provide interest to the writing. For example, instead of The old woman was in his way try The old woman barred his path. Instead of She laughed try She cackled.
• Written in the first person (I, we) or the third person (he, she, they).
• Usually past tense.
• Connectives,linking words to do with time.
• Specific nouns: Strong nouns have more specific meanings, eg. oak as opposed to tree.
• Active nouns: Make nouns actually do something, eg. It was raining could become Rain splashed down or There was a large cabinet in the lounge could become A large cabinet seemed to fill the lounge.
• Careful use of adjectives and adverbs: Writing needs judicious use of adjectives and adverbs to bring it alive, qualify the action and provide description and information for the reader.
• Use of the senses: Where appropriate, the senses can be used to describe and develop the experiences, setting and character:
  • What does it smell like?
  • What can be heard?
  • What can be seen – details?
  • What does it taste like?
  • What does it feel like?
• Imagery
  • Simile: A direct comparison, using like or as or as though, eg. The sea looked as rumpled as a blue quilted dressing gown. Or The wind wrapped me up like a cloak.
  • Metaphor: An indirect or hidden comparison, eg. She has a heart of stone or He is a stubborn mule or The man barked out the instructions.
  • Onomatopoeia: A suggestion of sound through words, eg. crackle, splat, ooze, squish, boom,The tyres whir on the road. The pitter-patter of soft rain. The mud oozed and squished through my toes. eg.
  • Personification: Giving nonliving things (inanimate) living characteristics, eg. The steel beam clenched its muscles. Clouds limped across the sky. The pebbles on the path were grey with grief.
• Rhetorical Questions: Often the author asks the audience questions, knowing of course there will be no direct answer. This is a way of involving the reader in the story at the outset, eg. Have you ever built a tree hut?
• Variety in sentence beginnings. There are a several ways to do this eg by using:
  • Participles: “Jumping with joy I ran home to tell mum my good news.”
  • Adverbs: “Silently the cat crept toward the bird”
  • Adjectives: “Brilliant sunlight shone through the window”
  • Nouns: “Thunder claps filled the air”
  • Adverbial Phrases: “Along the street walked the girl as if she had not a care in the world.”
  • Conversations/Dialogue: these may be used as an opener. This may be done through a series of short or one-word sentences or as one long complex sentence.
• Show, Don’t Tell: Students have heard the rule “show, don’t tell” but this principle is often difficult for some writers to master.
• Personal Voice: It may be described as writing which is honest and convincing. The author is able to ‘put the reader there’. The writer invests something of him/her self in the writing. The writing makes an impact on the reader. It reaches out and touches the reader. A connection is made

Example narrative text :

snow white

 A long time ago, a child was born to a queen and king and she was called Snow White.  When the queen died, the king married again.  This new queen was wicked and hated Snow white.  The queen gave orders that Snow White was to be treated as a servant.

Snow White grew very beautiful and one day a Prince riding by, saw her at work and fell in love with her.

The queen was beautiful too, and every day she asked her Magic Mirror, "Who is the fairest in the land?" and the mirror always answered, "You are the fairest one of all".

But one day the mirror answered Snow White was the fairest in the land, and in a rage the queen gave orders to one of her Huntsmen to take Snow White into the woods and kill her.

The Huntsman had a kind heart and couldn't do the deed so told her to run away.  She fled into the woods where Seven little dwarfs lived.  Their house was small and strange.Snow White entered the little house and finding it very untidy, started to clean up.  Upstairs she found seven little beds.  She was very tired and stretching out on one of the beds, was soon asleep. 

When the Dwarfs came home they were surprised to find Snow White and after some argument, decided to let her stay.  She promised to cook and look after them.

The Queen discovered where Snow White was living and disguising herself as a witch, took a poisoned apple and set out for the Dwarfs cottage.  She gave Snow White the poisoned apple to eat and as soon as she bit the apple, she sank into unconsciousness.

Thinking she was dead, the Dwarfs built a glass coffin and put her in it. For days she lay in the forest in her glass coffin.  One day, the Prince was riding through the forest looking for Snow White and found her.  He leaned over and kissed her.  She opened her eyes and sat up with a smile. Everyone was happy.  The Prince took Snow White to his palace where they were married and lived happily ever after.